SAP Notes and Patches Archives - Page 4 of 6

Three Reasons You Should Budget for SAP Breach Costs

Layer Seven on June 28, 2016

The average cost of a data breach has now surpassed $4 million. This is according to the latest study from the Ponemon Institute issued earlier this month. The study surveyed 383 organizations in 12 countries. It revealed that not only are data breach costs increasingly across the board, the probability that organizations will suffer a breach impacting 10,000 or more records is 25 percent.

The global results mask significant differences between countries and industries. For example, average data breach costs are highest in the U.S ($7M) and sectors such as healthcare, education and financial services. However, regardless of country or industry, the majority of breaches (48%) are caused by cyber attacks rather than human error or system glitches.

The results of the Ponemon study are contested by the report Beneath the Surface of a Cyberattack from Deloitte Advisory. According to the report, actual costs are far higher than indicated by the Ponemon study which focuses upon measuring direct and tangible costs for breach notification, forensic investigations, legal fees, public relations, regulatory fines and other areas. Deloitte estimate that such costs account for less than 5% of the total business impact of data breaches. The strategic impact of breaches in terms of increased insurance premiums, loss of intellectual property, reputational harm and other hidden costs is far higher than the direct impact. This is illustrated by a breach of patient records experienced by a healthcare company cited in the report. Only 3.5% of the $1.6 billion lost by the company as a result of the breach was associated with direct costs.

Both of the studies echo the results of an earlier report from the Ponemon Institute that placed the average cost of data breaches impacting SAP systems at $4.5M. The report also revealed that 65% of companies had experienced one or more SAP breach within the last 2 years. The significant impact of data breaches and the likelihood that organisations will experience a breach if they haven’t already done so suggests that breach costs should be planned and budgeted. However, aside from region, sector and other factors, there are three reasons that could negatively impact the extent your organization budgets for SAP breach costs. The reasons are outlined below.

1. You do not effectively identify, prioritize and apply security patches for SAP systems

The majority of exploits for SAP systems do not target zero-day vulnerabilities. Most exploits focus upon long-standing and well-known vulnerabilities that can be removed by regularly upgrading SAP systems and applying Security Notes provided by SAP. A case in point is the invoker servlet vulnerability addressed by the recent alert issued by US-CERT. This vulnerability was disclosed in 2010 and addressed by several Notes issued by SAP in the same year.

2. You do not effectively manage vulnerabilities in SAP systems

SAP systems can present a wide attack surface to attackers if they are poorly configured and monitored. A comprehensive vulnerability management program for SAP systems should include continuously monitoring and removing vulnerabilities in areas such as remote function calls, gateway servers, message servers, client-server and server-to-server communication, password policies, session management, audit settings, ICF services, UME settings, Java services and user privileges.

3. You do not effectively discover and respond to malicious events in SAP systems

SAP systems include a wide array of logs that should be continually monitored for indicators of a potential attack. This includes events such as logons or attempted logons with standard users, changes to RFC destinations, ICF services or global settings, trusted system logons, RFC callbacks, path traversals and suspected XSRF attacks. Alerts for such events should be triggered and automatically transmitted to incident response teams to ensure attacks are blocked and contained.

Customers that implement strong patch, vulnerability and threat management programs for SAP systems can justifiably budget far less for SAP breach costs that those that do not by reducing both the likelihood and impact of a potential breach. In fact, they may be able to remove the need to budget for breach costs altogether and rely upon on cyber insurance by satisfying the due diligence requirements of cyber insurance policies.

Customers that haven’t Implemented patch, vulnerability and threat management capabilities can address the gap by leveraging standard tools available in SAP Solution Manager without licencing third party software. This includes System Recommendations for patch management, Configuration Validation for vulnerability management and E2E Alerting for threat management. Layer Seven Security empower customers to unlock the capabilities of SAP Solution Manager for automated vulnerability scanning and security alerting. To learn more, contact Layer Seven Security.

US-CERT Issues Alert for SAP Invoker Servlet Vulnerability

Layer Seven on May 12, 2016

US-CERT published an alert yesterday to warn SAP customers of the dangers posed by the invoker servlet vulnerability in AS Java systems. According to the alert, there is evidence to suggest that SAP systems at 36 organizations have been exploited by the vulnerability. The organizations are based in the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, China, India, Japan, and South Korea, and operate in industries that include oil & gas, telecommunications, utilities, retail, automotive and the pubic sector.

The invoker servlet vulnerability arises when servlets can be called directly either by servlet name or by fully-qualified class name. This can be exploited to bypass authentication and authorization rules defined in the web.xml files of Java applications. In the cases referenced by the US-CERT alert, attackers appeared to have exploited the invoker servlet to call a Java component that enabled them to execute OS commands and create user accounts in SAP systems.

The vulnerability was patched by SAP in 2010. SAP also modified the default configuration of AS Java to disable the invoker servlet in versions 7.20 and later. Corrections were provided in Notes 1445998 and 1467771. The evidence of the active exploitation of the invoker servlet vulnerability five years after the underlying flaw was patched by SAP demonstrates that the greatest risk posed to SAP systems is the exploit of known weaknesses rather than so-called zero-day vulnerabilities.

The invoker servlet should be disabled at a global level by setting the EnableInvokerServletGlobally key to false. The key is located in the global properties of each J2EE instance. You can follow the three steps below to discover systems in your landscape vulnerable to the exploit using SAP Solution Manager.

1. Create a target system in Configuration Validation to check the value of the key for all systems using the servlet_jsp store. See below.

2. Edit the target system by removing all parameters in the servlet_jsp store except EnableInvokerServletGlobally. Set the value for the key to true and maintain the weight/ info. See below.

3. Run the weighted validation report for all Java systems and review the results of systems with the EnableInvokerServletGlobally set to true. See below.

The invoker servlet vulnerability is one of the 500+ checks performed by security rulesets provided by Layer Seven for ABAP, Java, HANA, and database systems. The rulesets can be imported into your Solution Manager systems in seconds to perform daily automated scans for vulnerabilities in SAP systems. To learn more, contact Layer Seven Security.

How to Visualize Cyber Security Risks in Your Systems with SAP Lumira

Layer Seven on April 28, 2016

SAP Lumira can be used to access, visualize and explore data of any size from virtually any source. It enables users to build and share powerful interactive data visualizations using a simple user-friendly interface. Since Lumira can acquire data and enable users to create customized reports through self-service, it removes the need for programming, scripting and any other form of development.

This article demonstrates how you can use Lumira to visualize security vulnerabilities in your SAP systems and overcome limitations with standard Business Warehouse (BW) reports. The demonstration is based on the Standard Edition of Lumira, available at the SAP Store. This edition will operate with minimal hardware requirements from any system with a Windows 7 or higher operating system.

After Lumira is installed, you will need to add the BW data connector using the Extension Manager since the data source is underlying BW reports in Solution Manager (SolMan). The reports store the results of automated security reviews performed by SolMan. The next step is to set the connection to the BW server in SolMan under Network in the Preferences section. This includes the server URL, hostname, instance and user credentials required for the connection.

Once the connection is established, you can define the variables including reference systems, comparison systems, stores, items and fields. This covers the security policies setup in SolMan, the systems that are mapped for monitoring, and the containers that store the results of the security reviews. We recommend creating a separate Lumira report for each security policy based on different system types (ABAP, Java, HANA, etc.).

You can begin building your visualization and exploring security vulnerabilities as soon as the data is acquired by Lumira. In the report below, we have created charts and tables that convey security vulnerabilities discovered using SolMan by area, system and risk level.

The results can be filtered by any of these elements. The tables provide details of each finding including the objectives of every check, recommendations to remove vulnerabilities, links to relevant SAP Security Notes, and information available at the SAP Help Portal. The reports can be exported to PDF, CSV or Excel. They can also be shared via URLs with users or groups defined in Lumira.

SAP Lumira can be used to visualize not only security vulnerabilities discovered by Solution Manager but also unapplied Security Notes in SAP systems. See below.

To learn more or to discuss how we can assist your organization leverage the full capabilities of SAP Lumira for dynamic, cost-effective and real-time security monitoring, contact Layer Seven Security.

Survey Reveals 65 percent of SAP Platforms Were Breached Between 2014-15

Layer Seven on February 26, 2016

Earlier this week, the Ponemon Institute released the results of the most comprehensive study performed to date on the state of SAP cybersecurity. The Institute is widely known for the annual Cost of Data Breach report that trends average data breach costs across major countries. However, it also performs a variety of other studies related to privacy, data protection and information security. It’s latest study Uncovering the Risks of SAP Cyber Breaches reviews the challenges and perceptions associated with securing SAP platforms. The study surveyed over 600 IT and security professionals between December 2015 – January 2016.

The key findings of the study include:

65% of SAP platforms suffered one or more security breach over the prior 24 months. 32% experienced between 1-2 breaches. 16% were breached 3-4 times and 12% between 5-6 times

75% of respondents believe it is likely their SAP platforms have one or more malware infection

The impact of an SAP breach is serious to catastrophic in 92% of organizations

The average cost of a breach that interrupts the availability of SAP systems is $4.5M

47% of respondents expect the volume of cyber attacks against SAP systems to increase over the next 24 months. 42% expect no change. Only 11% expect a decrease

75% express low levels of confidence in their company’s ability to immediately detect an SAP breach. 65% believe they would not be able to detect a breach within one week and 59% doubt they would be able to detect a breach within a month

59% expect trends such as the cloud, mobile, big data and IoT to increase the attack surface and the probability of a breach in SAP systems

The ability to assess and audit compliance levels of SAP systems against security policies and standards is considered important by 78% of respondents

81% believe it is important to continuously monitor the security of SAP platforms

54% of respondents supported the statement that it is the responsibility of SAP, not their organizations, to safeguard the security of SAP software. The reality is that the responsibility is shared. SAP is responsible for ensuring the integrity and security of software code. To this end, SAP works diligently to detect and remove programming errors before and after the release of applications. However, the responsibility for implementing patches for programming and other errors lays exclusively with the customer.

SAP is also accountable for providing guidance to securely configure its systems and counteract known vulnerabilities and attack vectors. Recommendations for dealing with RFC exploits, password attacks, standard users, vulnerable Java and ICF services, and numerous other areas can be found in online SAP security guides, as well as SAP advisories and papers such as the Secure Configuration of SAP NetWeaver Application Server using ABAP and Securing Remote Function Calls.

Finally, SAP is responsible for providing customers with the tools to secure their infrastructure. This includes tools for identifying and applying security patches, performing continuous and automated audits for vulnerabilities that may be exploited to breach systems, and supporting real-time threat detection and response. SAP’s product portfolio includes tools to meet all of these needs. Patch management can be performed using System Recommendations. Vulnerability management for over 500 vulnerabilities impacting ABAP, Java and HANA systems can be accomplished using Configuration Validation. Customers can leverage these tools within their Solution Manager platforms without resorting to third party software solutions. For real-time threat management, customers can deploy Enterprise Threat Detection. Alternatively, they can integrate their SIEM platforms directly with SAP systems using adaptors or indirectly using agents.

Managing Security with SAP Solution Manager

Layer Seven on January 14, 2016

SAP Solution Manager is the second most widely deployed SAP product after ECC. In other words, there are more installations of SolMan in the world than there are for products such as BI, PI, CRM and SRM. This isn’t surprising when you take into account that SolMan is for IT what ECC is for business: it drives the entire system lifecycle including design, deployment and maintenance. It provides a centralized platform for monitoring system operations, managing changes, provisioning users, and a score of other core IT services. Yet, despite it’s versatility and widespread deployment, most organizations fall short of leveraging the full potential of SolMan. This is especially the case for system security.

Other than central user administration, earlywatch alerts, and system recommendations, most SAP customers are in the dark when it comes to other tools in SolMan that could be used to further security. This includes tools to manage and secure custom code (Clone Finder, Coverage Analyzer), identify security risks (SOS), and validate compliance using customer-specific security policies (Configuration Validation). The SAP paper Managing Security with SAP Solution Manager is intended to bridge this gap by informing customers how to realize the potential of SolMan for security. According to SAP, SolMan’s deep connectivity into systems, it’s central position in each landscape, and its link to the SAP extranet provides the ideal platform for defining, implementing and sustaining secure system landscapes. The paper can be downloaded directly from SAP using this link.

Get Ready for SAP Solution Manager 7.2: What to Expect

Layer Seven on December 14, 2015

It’s well known that licenses for SAP Solution Manager are included in SAP maintenance and support agreements. However, with the release of version 7.2 next year, SAP will take this a step further by providing free licenses for SAP HANA for use with SolMan 7.2. Customer’s will still have to pay for hardware costs but HW costs have been falling and there is the option for cloud services to avoid hardware costs altogether.

Other improvements in SolMan 7.2 include a streamlined architecture requiring fewer integrations and system resources and delivering faster processing times. Depending upon the implementation scenario, customers will be able to lower SolMan running costs by up to 70 percent.

SolMan will also provide a vastly improved UI based on the Fiori Lauchpad and support access through Apple, Android and Windows mobile devices. Click on the images below to enlarge.

SolMan 7.2 will provide full support for HANA, S/4HANA, Cloud and Hybrid solutions, enabling customers to manage and monitor all SAP on-premise and cloud systems.

For security monitoring, we can expect improved reporting capabilities based on UI5 that do not require embedded BI or Flash, tighter integration between the SolMan frontend and BW Query Designer to support highly customizable reports, upgraded dashboards and alerts, and the ability to not only discover missing Security Notes for systems using SysRec but also identify the business processes impacted by the planned implementation of Notes. The latter will rely on solution documentation maintained directly in SolMan and a much improved Business Process Change Analyzer application that will integrate with Test Management to enable customers to develop, execute and review the results of test cases for planned changes.

SAP will remove maintenance for the current version of Solution Manager at the close 2017. Customers will have around 18 months to upgrade their Solution Manager platforms. The advanced performance and analytical capabilities offered by SAP HANA together with the major enhancements in Solution Manager 7.2 suggest that most customers will opt for early adoption. This will strengthen SolMan’s position as the premier solution for monitoring the security of SAP systems, providing the lowest total cost of ownership, unlimited flexibility and scalability, and unrivalled performance.

How to Discover Missing Security Notes for Your SAP Systems using ConVal

Layer Seven on October 20, 2015

Earlier this month, the New York Stock Exchange released a definitive guide to cybersecurity targeted at directors and officers of public companies. Developed with Palo Alto Networks, the guide includes contributions from over thirty-five industry experts and contends with a wide range of questions including legal and regulatory issues, cyber insurance, supplier risks, and incident detection and response. It also discusses investor perspectives towards cybersecurity and cites a recent survey of 130 global institutional investors with an estimated $3 trillion under management that reveals 4 out of 5 institutions would blacklist the stocks of hacked organizations. The full report can be downloaded here.

According to the guide, cybersecurity risk management plans should include several critical countermeasures. One of the most important is effective patch management. In fact, the report points out that “system compromise and data breach are rarely the result of some sophisticated attack that no one has ever been seen before. The bulk of effective attacks use vulnerabilities that have been known for years…..Lack of patching and other standard security issues are normally the culprits” (p95).

This suggests that more active and rapid patching can significantly lower the risk of successful cyber attack. For SAP customers, this calls for the regular application of SAP-delivered security patches to address programming and other flaws. Security fixes are generally released by SAP on Security Patch Day, scheduled for the second Tuesday of every month. Corrections are packaged in Hot News, Security and Support Package Notes that are available through the SAP Support Portal.

There are several options for discovering relevant Security Notes for SAP systems. The first is directly through the SAP Support Portal using preconfigured filters for registered systems and products. Automatic email notifications can be setup through the Portal for newly released Notes.

The second is System Recommendations (SysRec). You can refer to our earlier post for guidance on how to Discover Security Patches for your SAP Systems using System Recommendations.

The third is a standard report available in Configuration Validation (ConVal). Although this approach draws upon SysRec, it consolidates missing SAP patches for all systems across landscapes. This is useful if you need to check the patch status of several systems at the same time. The instructions below provide a step-by-step guide for detecting unapplied SAP Security Notes using ConVal.

Step 1. Open Configuration Validation from the Root Cause Analysis or Change Management work center in SAP Solution Manager. Click on the image below to enlarge.

Step 2. Select the Reporting Templates option from the Report Execution tab.

Step 3. Select the report highlighted below and click ‘Start configuration reporting’.

Step 4. Maintain the filters for the report by selecting specific SAP System IDs (SIDs), system types, areas, and the date range. In the example below, we have selected Hot News and Security Notes released between Jan-Sep 2015 for all ABAP systems in the landscape. Click Execute when you are done.

Step 5. Analyze the results. In the report below, the table on the left provides a count of missing Notes by SID. The table on the right displays the unapplied Notes in each row against SIDs in each column.

The details of each unapplied Note are provided in the lower section of report. This includes version, description, priority level, and impacted application components. The results can be filtered by priority level to focus on Hot News and High Priority patches. Results can also be exported to .xls and other file formats for further analysis.

Featured in SAPinsider: Unlocking the Cyber Security Toolkit in SAP Solution Manager

Layer Seven on October 15, 2015

How to Implement Advanced Security Monitoring Without Third-Party Software

The fear and anxiety driven by the wave of cyber attacks in recent years has led many companies to bolster their security programs. It’s also led to a stream of software solutions from third-party developers offering to solve customers’ cyber security challenges. You may have heard the sales spin, watched the demos, and even considered the proposals. But before you launch the purchase order, ask yourself: Is there an alternative? What if the tools you need to secure your SAP systems were available to you at this very moment?

SAP has equipped customers with a variety of tools to protect against even the most advanced forms of cyber threats. The tools are available in SAP Solution Manager and include:

1. Configuration Validation: Implement automated vulnerability checks across your entire SAP landscape

2. System Recommendations: Detect security-relevant SAP patch day and support package notes

3. Change Analysis: Analyze the root cause of changes in your SAP systems

4. End-to-End (E2E) Alerting: Investigate email and SMS alerts for critical SAP security events

5. Security Dashboards: Monitor the health of your SAP systems in near real time

Are 95 percent of SAP systems really vulnerable to cyber attack?

Layer Seven on May 26, 2015

Earlier this month, SAP issued a strongly-worded response to claims made by the software vendor Onapsis in a press release that over 95 percent of SAP systems assessed by Onapsis were exposed to vulnerabilities that could lead to the compromise of SAP systems. According to SAP, “The press release published by Onapsis is aimed at alienating SAP customers while promoting Onapsis’ own products. The assertion that over 95% of SAP systems were exposed to vulnerabilities is false.” In spite of such protests, the claims led to a wave of concern over vulnerabilities in SAP systems. The concerns were deepened by the revelation that the data breach at the government contractor USIS reported in 2014 was caused by a vulnerability in an SAP ERP system. The forensic investigators engaged by USIS to review the breach concluded that attackers were able to gain access to the system by exploiting an undisclosed SAP-level vulnerability or series of vulnerabilities. This assertion was based on evidence contained within SAP application trace logs and other sources. The breach led directly to the leakage of highly sensitive information impacting an estimated 25,000 government employees.

Along with similar incidents experienced by the Greek Ministry of Finance and Nvidia, the breach at USIS has served to illustrate the devastating impact to organizations when SAP systems are not securely configured and monitored to guard against possible cyber attack. Since the news of the source of the breach became public, security researchers have put forward several theories of possible exploits that could have been employed by attackers to compromise SAP systems connected to USIS. The theories include the use of default passwords, vulnerabilities in RFC gateways, remote code execution, and even database-level exploits. The fact that the attackers were presented with such an array of possible vectors is disturbing to say the least and highlights the wide attack surface presented by SAP systems.

Unless the specific SAP vulnerability that was exploited to breach USIS was a zero-day exploit, its likely that the breach could have been prevented through the proper hardening of SAP systems, regular patching, and continuous monitoring using tools provided by SAP in Solution Manager. It should be noted that almost all the attack vectors presented by researchers to explain the attack at USIS can be blocked by either applying applicable SAP patches or by observing the relevant SAP security guidance. This also applies to the so-called ‘Top Three Common Cyber Attack Vectors for SAP Systems’ declared by organizations such as Onapsis. Furthermore, once hardened, SAP systems do not necessarily require third party tools to monitor for possible changes or configuration errors that may expose them to cyber threats. The simplest, quickest and most cost-effective strategy is to leverage tools available in Solution Manager. They include System Recommendations for patch management, Change Analysis for detecting and investigating configuration changes, Alerting for security incident and event management, Dashboards for compliance monitoring and finally, Configuration Validation for comprehensive, automated vulnerability management. In short, both the information and the tools you need to secure your SAP systems against the type of attack that breached USIS are available to you at this very moment.

Discover Security Patches for your SAP Systems using System Recommendations

Layer Seven on March 4, 2015

One of the most startling facts revealed by the 2015 Cyber Risk Report is that over 44 percent of data breaches stem from the exploitation of known vulnerabilities that are over two years old. This suggests that effective patching can dramatically lower the likelihood of a successful data breach and, when employed with other countermeasures such as system hardening to prevent misconfigurations, it can reduce the risk to negligible levels.

Developing a workable patch management process that addresses the numerous threats confronted by SAP systems presents a formidable challenge for organizations. The need to maintain high levels of availability and control changes that may negatively impact system performance or even lead to software regression often delays the implementation of critical patches. In some cases, it prevents the application of security patches altogether.

The risks posed by weaknesses in patching procedures should not be understated and are borne out by the findings of the HP study. Statistics reveal a direct correlation between ineffective patching and significantly higher levels of susceptibility to security threats that lead to data breaches.

Traditionally, SAP customers have relied upon tools such as RSECNOTE and SAP EarlyWatch Alert (EWA) to identify patches and verify their implementation status. RSECNOTE can be executed using transaction SA38 or ST13. It should return relevant Security Notes and convey whether Notes are successfully implemented, require implementation or are manually confirmed. EWA is a diagnosis report that is run from SAP Solution Manager for managed systems on a weekly schedule. The system configuration checks performed by EWA should include an identification of relevant Security Notes.

EWA, however, no longer performs any meaningful check for security-relevant Notes. Fewer than 10 percent of the 364 Patch Day Notes and Support Pack Notes released by SAP in 2013 were checked and reported through EWA. By 2014, EWA had lost all relevance for security patching: none of the 389 SAP patches released last year were checked by EWA.

RSECNOTE has not fared any better. According to Note 888889 updated in September 2014, the tool is effectively deprecated by SAP and should no longer be relied upon.

RSECNOTE and EWA have been replaced by tools with more powerful calculation engines capable of supporting more detailed analysis of not just Hot News and Security Notes, but also Java patches and Notes for general, performance and legal areas.

These tools include System Recommendations (SysRec), accessible through the Change Management Work Center of SAP Solution Manager. SysRec uses the SAP-OSS RFC destination to connect directly to SAP Global Support and check the status of Notes in managed systems. The results are based on the specific kernel, patch and support package level of systems maintained in the Solution Manager System Landscape (SMSY). This minimizes the risk of both false positives and false negatives.

SysRec can be filtered by SAP system, component and date range. Only components are that are applicable to the selected system are displayed by SysRec.

Priority levels and the implementation status of each Note are displayed in the returned results. The Download Notes option can be used to download all or selected Notes from the SAP Service Marketplace. Click on the image below to enlarge.

SysRec can be used to identify both ABAP and Java patches. However, Java patch notes are displayed in the Corrections tab rather than the tab for Security Notes.

The Create Request for Change option is used to trigger a change request to implement the relevant Notes when using ChaRM.

The automated job SM:SYSTEM RECOMMENDATIONS should be scheduled to collect information on the status of implemented Notes from managed systems. The frequency of the automatic check can be set to daily, weekly or monthly.

Once corrections are identified and applied, the implementation status of the Notes should be validated across all systems in your landscape. This can be performed using Configuration Validation. The implementation status of Notes is recorded in the PRSTATUS field of the ABAP_NOTES store. The PRSTATUS of completely implemented notes should be E. Therefore, you can define operators to search for Notes implemented in a reference system with the identical component and release dependencies that have the same PRSTATUS. Based on the example below, for instance, Configuration Validation will check that version 2 of Note 1922205 for component SAP_BASIS is completely implemented (PRSTATUS = E), taking into account the release dependencies.

Notes that are not completely implemented in comparison systems are flagged as non-compliant in BW reports generated by Configuration Validation.